The proverbial way of referring to older people as being "long on
the tooth" suggests that it is predetermined that as we get older
our teeth get "longer" or "no longer." This is not true.
Periodontal disease, plaque and loss of teeth is not an inevitable aspect
of aging. Loss of attachment or bone support around a tooth is the
result of a bacterial infection. What is true is that as we get
older, we have more exposures to these infectious organisms, and
more probability of being infected and developing periodontal
disease. Half of the people over 55 have periodontal disease.
Risk factors that make older adults more susceptible to periodontal disease
include:
Systemic diseases: Certain systemic diseases such as diabetes may
decrease the body's ability to fight infection and can result in more severe
periodontal disease. Osteoporosis also can increase the amount and rate of bone
loss around teeth. Systemic illnesses will affect periodontal disease if it is a
pre-existing condition. To reduce the effects of systemic diseases on the oral
cavity, maintain meticulous
plaque control and visit your dental care provider routinely for examinations and professional cleanings.
Medications: Heart medications can have a direct effect on the gums by creating an exaggerated response to plaque and resulting in gum overgrowth. Antidepressants may create dry mouth and reduce the saliva's ability to neutralize plaque.
Immunosuppressants and other disease-fighting medications may
reduce the body's ability to combat infection, increasing the risk for periodontal disease. The dental care provider needs to be aware of any medications you may be taking and you need to maintain meticulous
plaque control and visit your dental care provider routinely for examinations and professional cleanings.
Dry mouth: Lack of saliva can result from the use of certain medications
or as a result of illness. If there is not enough saliva available to neutralize
plaque it can result in more cavities and periodontal disease.
Also, dry mouth, or xerostomia, can make dentures more difficult to wear and may also complicate eating, speaking, or swallowing of food. Oral rinses or artificial saliva can be very helpful with these problems.
Frequent sips of water or eating candy may be helpful as long as it doesn't contain sugar. Fluoride rinses and gels are
helpful in reducing or preventing the cavities that can be caused by having a
dry mouth.
Dexterity problems: Physical disabilities can reduce dexterity and the
ability to remove plaque on a daily basis. Poor oral hygiene can increase the risk for cavities and periodontal disease.
Electric toothbrushes and floss holders are helpful in improving plaque control. Frequent professional cleanings combined with oral anti-microbial or fluoride rinses also may be helpful in reducing the incidence of cavities and periodontal disease.
Estrogen deficiency: Older women may have some special concerns in
relation to periodontal disease. Scientific studies have suggested that the
estrogen deficiency that occurs after menopause may increase the risk for severe periodontal disease and tooth loss. Estrogen replacement therapy may reverse these effects.
It is important to keep teeth as we age because every tooth has an important function in chewing and speaking. They affect our appearance and self esteem.
Having dentures or loose or missing teeth can restrict our diets, resulting in poor nutrition and systemic complications. With the advances in modern dentistry and with current prevention and treatment techniques, we must count on keeping our teeth for a lifetime -- no matter how "long" that may be!
